Wikipidia:IPA untuk bahasa Malayu

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Konsonan
IPA	Contoh	pengucapan dekat bahasa Inggris
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	bola ^[1]	beau
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	dari ^[1]	do
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	jari	job
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	fikir, visa ^[2]	festival
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	galah ^[3]	gain
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	habis, tokoh	hat
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	yakin, kaya	yes
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	kalah ^[1]^[3]	sky
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	lama	clean
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	makan	moon
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	nakal	note
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	ngarai	feeling
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	nyaman	canyon
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	pola ^[1]	spy
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	raja, dari, pasar	trilled 'r' ^[4]
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	saya	six
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	syak ^[2]	shoe
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	tari ^[1]	sty
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	cari	check
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	visa ^[2]	vision
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	waktu, Jawa	we
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	khas ^[2]
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	zaman ^[2]	zero
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	bapak ^[1] ^[3]

Vowel ^[5]
IPA	Contoh	pengucapan dekat bahasa Inggris
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	ajar, buka^[6]	father
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	serong, kare ^[7]	clay^[8]
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	teh, bebek ^[9]	festival
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	bila, ini	see
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	kirim ^[9]	bin
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	roda, toko ^[7]	sole
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	pohon ^[9]	sort
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	upah, baru	moon
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	rumput ^[9]	foot
Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "IPA symbol".	gelak ^[6]	about
Diphthong
au	kalau ^[7]	how
ai	capai ^[7]	bye
oi, ui	sepoi	boy (uncommon)

Other symbols
IPA	Explanation
ˈ	Primary stress Placed before the stressed syllable ^[10]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f /p/, /t/, /k/ are unaspirated, as in the Romance languages, or as in English spy, sty, sky. In final position, they are unreleased [p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚], with final k being a glottal stop. /b, d/ are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, [p̚, t̚]. There is no liaison: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in kulit ubi "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e The fricatives [f, z, ʃ, x] are found in loanwords only. Some speakers pronounce orthographic ‹v› in loanwords as Citakan:IPAblink; otherwise it is Citakan:IPAblink.
^ ^a ^b ^c The glottal stop Citakan:IPAblink is an allophone of /k/ and /ɡ/ in the coda: baik, bapak. It is also used between identical vowels in hiatus. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. bakso (meatballs). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as Al Qur'an.
^ In traditional Malay areas, the rhotic consonant /r/ is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, Citakan:IPAblink or Citakan:IPAblink, and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap Citakan:IPAblink or trill Citakan:IPAblink. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: kertas "paper" may be pronounced [krəˈtas] or [kərəˈtas].
^ The nasal consonant /m, n, ŋ, ɲ/ nasalize following vowels, and may nasalize a subsequent vowel if the intervening consonant is /h, j, w, ʔ/.
^ ^a ^b In Malaysian, word-final /a/ is often reduced to Citakan:IPAblink.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d [e, o] are allophones of /i, u/ in native words, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loan words. The diphthongs /ai, au/, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into [e, o], respectively, especially in Java.
^ The Malay/Indonesian /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of clay (for most English dialects) and the vowel of get. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d /e, i, o, u/ have lax allophones [ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ] in closed syllables, except that tense [i, u] occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and laax [ɛ, ɔ] also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel.
^ Stress generally falls on the penultimate syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa Citakan:IPAblink, stress shifts to the antepenult if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.

[stop-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f /p/, /t/, /k/ are unaspirated, as in the Romance languages, or as in English spy, sty, sky. In final position, they are unreleased [p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚], with final k being a glottal stop. /b, d/ are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, [p̚, t̚]. There is no liaison: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in kulit ubi "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.

[loan-2] The fricatives [f, z, ʃ, x] are found in loanwords only. Some speakers pronounce orthographic ‹v› in loanwords as Citakan:IPAblink; otherwise it is Citakan:IPAblink.

[glottal-3] The glottal stop Citakan:IPAblink is an allophone of /k/ and /ɡ/ in the coda: baik, bapak. It is also used between identical vowels in hiatus. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. bakso (meatballs). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as Al Qur'an.

[4] In traditional Malay areas, the rhotic consonant /r/ is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, Citakan:IPAblink or Citakan:IPAblink, and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap Citakan:IPAblink or trill Citakan:IPAblink. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: kertas "paper" may be pronounced [krəˈtas] or [kərəˈtas].

[5] The nasal consonant /m, n, ŋ, ɲ/ nasalize following vowels, and may nasalize a subsequent vowel if the intervening consonant is /h, j, w, ʔ/.

[final_a-6] In Malaysian, word-final /a/ is often reduced to Citakan:IPAblink.

[diphthong-7] [e, o] are allophones of /i, u/ in native words, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loan words. The diphthongs /ai, au/, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into [e, o], respectively, especially in Java.

[8] The Malay/Indonesian /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of clay (for most English dialects) and the vowel of get. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.

[lax-9] /e, i, o, u/ have lax allophones [ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ] in closed syllables, except that tense [i, u] occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and laax [ɛ, ɔ] also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel.

[10] Stress generally falls on the penultimate syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa Citakan:IPAblink, stress shifts to the antepenult if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.

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