Basa Amhar
Bahasa Amhar ialah basa nasional Ethiopia nang diucapkan ulih 21 juta urang nang mana 14 juta di antaranya ialah penutur asli. Ditulis menggunakan sistem tulisan nang disebut fidel atawa abugida, dibibit matan tulisan hagan manulisakan basa Ge’ez nang wayahini lenyap.
| Bahasa Amhar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| አማርኛ (Amarəñña) | ||||
| Pelapalan | [amarɨɲːa] | |||
| Disurahakan di | Etiopia | Tanggal diulah | Sensus Penduduk dan Perumahan 2007 | |
| Jumlah pamandir | Citakan:Significant figures/rnd[1][2] | |||
| Rumpun basa | ||||
| ||||
| Tulisan | Alfabet Ge'ez (Daftar suku kata Amharik) Braille Ge'ez | |||
| Status rasmi | ||||
| Basa rasmi di |  Etiopia
| |||
| Diatur ulih | Akademi Imperial (sebelumnya) | |||
| Kode-kode basa | ||||
| ISO 639-1 | am | |||
| ISO 639-2 | amh | |||
| ISO 639-3 | amh | |||
Di bawah inilah abjad fidel atawa abugida gasan manulisakan basa Amharik.
| ä | u | i | a | e | ə | o | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | ፐ | ፑ | ፒ | ፓ | ፔ | ፕ | ፖ |
| t | ተ | ቱ | ቲ | ታ | ቴ | ት | ቶ |
| c | ቸ | ቹ | ቺ | ቻ | ቼ | ች | ቾ |
| k | ከ | ኩ | ኪ | ካ | ኬ | ክ | ኮ |
| ኸ | ኹ | ኺ | ኻ | ኼ | ኽ | ኾ | |
| b | በ | ቡ | ቢ | ባ | ቤ | ብ | ቦ |
| d | ደ | ዱ | ዲ | ዳ | ዴ | ድ | ዶ |
| J | ጀ | ጁ | ጂ | ጃ | ጄ | ጅ | ጆ |
| g | ገ | ጉ | ጊ | ጋ | ጌ | ግ | ጎ |
| p’ | ጰ | ጱ | ጲ | ጳ | ጴ | ጵ | ጶ |
| t’ | ጠ | ጡ | ጢ | ጣ | ጤ | ጥ | ጦ |
| c’ | ጨ | ጩ | ጪ | ጫ | ጬ | ጭ | ጮ |
| k’ | ቀ | ቁ | ቂ | ቃ | ቄ | ቅ | ቆ |
| 7 | አ | ኡ | ኢ | ኣ | ኤ | እ | ኦ |
| ts’ | ጸ | ጹ | ጺ | ጻ | ጼ | ጽ | ጾ |
| f | ፈ | ፉ | ፊ | ፋ | ፌ | ፍ | ፎ |
| s | ሰ | ሱ | ሲ | ሳ | ሴ | ስ | ሶ |
| S | ሸ | ሹ | ሺ | ሻ | ሼ | ሽ | ሾ |
| h | ሀ | ሁ | ሂ | ሃ | ሄ | ህ | ሆ |
| ሐ | ሑ | ሒ | ሓ | ሔ | ሕ | ሖ | |
| z | ዘ | ዙ | ዚ | ዛ | ዜ | ዝ | ዞ |
| Z | ዠ | ዡ | ዢ | ዣ | ዤ | ዥ | ዦ |
| m | መ | ሙ | ሚ | ማ | ሜ | ም | ሞ |
| n | ነ | ኑ | ኒ | ና | ኔ | ን | ኖ |
| ñ | ኘ | ኙ | ኚ | ኛ | ኜ | ኝ | ኞ |
| w | ወ | ዉ | ዊ | ዋ | ዌ | ው | ዎ |
| l | ለ | ሉ | ሊ | ላ | ሌ | ል | ሎ |
| j | የ | ዩ | ዪ | ያ | ዬ | ይ | ዮ |
| r | ረ | ሩ | ሪ | ራ | ሬ | ር | ሮ |
Latar balakang
babakAmharic sudah manjadi basa pangadilan, basa padagang, bapandir hari-hari wan gasan militer mulai matan abad ka-12. Basa ngini marupakan salah sabuting Basa rasmi di Ethiopia, lawan Basa Oromo, Basa Somali, Basa Afar, Basa Tigrinya wan Basa Inggeris sampai tahun 2020 Basa Amhar marupakan sabubuingannya basa rasmi nang ada di pamarintahan Ethiopia lain pada basa Inggeris.[3][4][5][6][7] Manurut sensus, basa Amhar di pakai 21,6 juta pamandir asli di Ethiopia[1] wan 4 juta pamandir basa kadua di Ethiopia.[2] Di tambah lagi, 3 juta imigran nang masuk ka Ethiopia mamakai basa ngini jua. Kabanyakan komunitas Yahudi Ethiopi di Ethiopia wan Israel bapandir basa Amhar.[8] Di Washington DC, Basa Amhar jadi salah sabuting matan 6 basa salain basa inggeris dalam Language Access Act tahun 2004, nang mambulihakan pamakaian basa amhar dalam pamarintahan wan pambalajaran.[9] Labih lanjut lagi, basa Amhar dianggap basa suci ulih Rastafari religion dan dipakai ulih kabanyakan pangikutnya di samunyaan dunia.
Catatan Batis
babak- ^ a b Central Statistical Agency. 2010. "Population and Housing Census 2007 Report, National". Accessed 13 December 2016].
- ^ a b Lewis, Lewis M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., ed. (2015). Amharic. Ethnologue: Languages of the World (edisi ke-Eighteenth). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Diakses tanggal 3 June 2017.
- ^ "ETHIOPIA TO ADD 4 MORE OFFICIAL LANGUAGES TO FOSTER UNITY". Ventures Africa. Ventures. Diakses tanggal 2 February 2021.
- ^ "Ethiopia is adding four more official languages to Amharic as political instability mounts". Nazret. Nazret. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 August 2021. Diakses tanggal 2 February 2021.
- ^ Shaban, Abdurahman. "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages". Africa News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-12-15. Diakses tanggal 2021-02-23.
- ^ Meyer, Ronny (2006). "Amharic as lingua franca in Ethiopia". Lissan: Journal of African Languages and Linguistics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 20 (1/2): 117–131 – via Academia.edu.
- ^ Teferra, Anbessa (2013). "Amharic: Political and social effects on English loan words". Dalam Rosenhouse, Judith; Kowner, Rotem. Globally Speaking: Motives for Adopting English Vocabulary in Other Languages. Multilingual Matters. hlm. 165.
- ^ "Israel's Ethiopian Jews keep ancient language alive in prayer". Al-Monitor (dalam bahasa Inggris). 29 June 2017. Diakses tanggal 26 July 2017.
- ^ "Language Access Act Fact Sheet" (PDF). 5 October 2011. Diakses tanggal 11 October 2016.