Ateisma: Pabidaan ralatan

 

== Definisi wan Pambidaan ==

Bubuhan pananulis babida-bida dalam mendefinisikan dan mangklasifikasi ''ateisma''<ref name="eb911-atheism">{{cite web |year=1911 |url=http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Atheism |title="Atheism" |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=7 Juni 2007}}</ref>, yakni apakah ateisma merupakan suatu kaparcayaan batunggal atawa tikas katiadaan lawan kaparcayaan, dan apa ateisma parlu ba'indah nang sacara sadar dan eksplisit digawi. Bamacam kategori sudah disurung gasan mancuba mambida'akan macam-macam bantuk ateisma.

 

 

=== Kuat dan lamah ===

 

Sawayah [[Michael Martin (filsuf)|Martin]], batamam-tamam mamadahakan bahua [[agnostisisma]] ba'isi bawaan ateisma lamah,<ref name="martin"/> kabanyakan agnostik memandang pandangan bubuhannya tutih babida matan ateisma, nang bubuhannya lihat ateisma sama haja kadada bujurnya lawan teisma.<ref>{{cite book |first=Anthony |last=Kenny |authorlink=Anthony Kenny |title=What I believe |chapter=Why I Am Not an Atheist |publisher=Continuum |isbn=0-8264-8971-0 |quote=The true default position is neither theism nor atheism, but agnosticism … a claim to knowledge needs to be substantiated; ignorance need only be confessed. |year=2006}}</ref> Ketidaktercapaian pangatahuan nang diparlukan gasan mambuktikan atawa mangulimakan kaba'adaan tuhan/diwa limbahanu dilihat sabagai indikasi bahua ateisma mamarlukan sabuah luncatan [[kaparcayaan]]. Respon ateis kapada argumen naini adalah bahua dalil-dalil [[agama|kaagamaan]] nang kada tabukti saharusnya pang pantas mandapatkan ketidakpercayaan nang sama nangkaya jua kahadaparcayaan lawan dalil-dalil kada tabukti ''lainnya'',<ref>{{harvnb|Baggini|2003|pp=30–34}}. "Who seriously claims we should say 'I neither believe nor disbelieve that the Pope is a robot', or 'As to whether or not eating this piece of chocolate will turn me into an elephant I am completely agnostic'. In the absence of any good reasons to believe these outlandish claims, we rightly disbelieve them, we don't just suspend judgement."</ref> dan bahua ketidakterbuktian kaba'adaan tuhan kada ma'implikasikan bahua probabilitas kaba'adaan tuhan sama lawan probabilitas katiadaan tuhan.<ref>{{harvnb|Baggini|2003|p=22}}. "A lack of proof is no grounds for the suspension of belief. This is because when we have a lack of absolute proof we can still have overwhelming evidence or one explanation which is far superior to the alternatives."</ref> Filsuf Skotlandia [[J. J. C. Smart]] bahkan ba'argumen bahua "limbahanu sa'ikung urang nang bujur-bujur ateis kawa manyambat dirinya sabagai sa'urang agnostik lantaran generalisasi [[skeptisisma filosofis]] kada ba'alasan nang kainanya mahalangi kita ba'ucap kita tahu apapun, kacawali mungkin kabanaran matematika dan logika formal."<ref name="stanford">{{cite web |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atheism-agnosticism/ |title=Atheism and Agnosticism |first=J.C.C. |last=Smart |date=2004-03-09 |publisher=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |accessdate=2007-04-12}}</ref> Marga naitu, sapalih panulis ateis populer nangkaya [[Richard Dawkins]] mamilih gasan mambida'akan posisi teis, agnostik, dan ateis sabagai spektrum probabilitas kapada pernyataan "Tuhan ada" (''spektrum probabilitas teistik'').<ref>Cudworth, Ralph. The true intellectual system of the universe. 1678. Dawkins, Richard. The God Delusion. Bantam Books: 2006, hal. 50. (ISBN 0-618-68000-4)</ref>