Sastra Jepang

Sastra Jepang (日本文学, Nihon Bungaku) adalah karya sastra dalam bahasa Jepang, atawa studi nang mambahas karya sastra nangitu wan pangarangnya.

Sacara garis ganal, sastra Jepang dibagi jadi 5 pariudi: sastra kuno (zaman Nara), sastra klasik (zaman Heian), sastra partangahan (zaman Kamakura, zaman Namboku-cho, zaman Muromachi), sastra modern (zaman Azuchi-Momoyama, zaman Edo), wan sastra kontemporer (karya sastra mulai zaman Meiji sampai wayahini). Maskipun damikian, sastra kuno wan sastra klasik rancak dijadiakan bagabung lawan sastra klasik. Sastra zaman Azuchi-Momoyama jua rancak digulungakan ka dalam sastra abad partangahan. Haratan pada ngitu, sastra modern rancak diaartikan lawan karya sastra zaman Meiji sampai zaman Taisho, wan sastra kontemporer hanya mancakup karya sastra zaman Showa sampai wayahini

Pariudisasi

Sastra kuno

Sastra kuno Jepang mancakup karya-karya sampai zaman Nara. Aksara kanji dipinanduakan di Jepang matan daratan Cina maliwati jalur Semenanjung Korea. Aksara Tionghoa dipakai urang Jepang hagan manulis lawan sistim kanbun, wan sabagai aksara manyōgana hagan malambangakan bunyi bahasa Jepang. Karya sastra matan pariudi kuno di antaranya buku sejarah nang kaya Kojiki (712) wan Nihon Shoki (720), wan jua garumbung puisi Manyōshū.

Sastra klasik

Sastra klasik mancakup karya sastra nang dihasilakan haratan zaman Heian. Baimbai lawan puncak kaamasaan kanbun wan kanshi, kumpilasi waka nang panambayan, Kokin Wakashū tuntung disusun, wan kadudukan waka sadarajat lawan kanshi. Walaupun sistim panulisan resmi wayahitu adalah sistim kanbun, hiragana mulai dipinanduakan hagan manulis bahasa Jepang, dimulai matan Ki no Tsurayuki lawan Tosa Nikki, Sei Shōnagon lawan esai Makura no Sōshi, wan Murasaki Shikibu lawan Hikayat Genji sabagai karya-karya sastra nang mawakili sastra klasik Jepang.

Sastra abad partangahan

Sastra abad partangahan mancakup karya sastra mulai haratan matan zaman Kamakura sampai zaman Azuchi-Momoyama. Fujiwara no Teika manyusun antologi waka Shin Kokin Wakashū. Sapalihan karya sastra mamakai sistim panulisan wakan konkōbun nang marupakan bantuk pamulaan bahasa Jepang modern. Di antara karya nang mewakili sastra abad partangahan nang kaya Hōjōki karya Kamo no Chōmei, Tsurezuregusa karya Yoshida Kenkō, wan Hikayat Heike. Teater sarugaku jua mulai barkambang pas pariudi nginih.

Sastra modern

Sastra modern pamulaan mancakup karya sastra asal zaman Edo. Karya sastra nang mawakili pariudi ngini adalah Ukiyozōshi karya Ihara Saikaku wan Kanazōshi nang kaduanya dipangaruhi ulih Otogizōshi. Haratan zaman Edo, kabuki wan jōruri mancapai zaman keemasan. Haikai mancapai puncak kapopuleran lawan panyair-panyair nang kaya Matsuo Basho wan Kobayashi Issa.

Sastra kontemporer

Sastra kontemporer mancakup karya sastra mulai zaman Meiji. Imbah paampihannya sakoku, budaya Irupa wan Amirika mulai mangalir masuk ka Jepang sampai tarjadi Bunmei-kaika. Sastra Jepang jua mandapat pangaruh nang ganal. Prinsip-prinsip nupil modern matan Irupa wan Amirika mulai dipinandui di Jepang. Tsubouchi Shoyo lawan kritik sastra Shōsetsu Shinzui, sarta Futabatei Shimei lawan Shōsetsu Sōron wan Ukigumo mamulaiakan pariudi sastra kontemporer Jepang.

Bantuk sastra

• Prosa
  • Monogatari: furumonogatari, tsukuri monogatari, utamonogatari, gikomonogatari, gunki monogatari
  • Setsuwa
  • Novel: shishōsetsu, gesaku
  • Teater: noh, kabuki, bunraku (ningyo johruri)
  • Esai
  • Buku harian
  • Catatan perjalanan
  • Biografi: autobiografi, ōjōden
  • Kritik sastra
  • Nihon kanbun
• Sajak
  • Puisi: sajak bebas, sajak terikat, puisi prosa
  • Waka: tanka, chōka, sedōka, bussokusekika
  • Renga: haikai renga, kyōka, haikai (renku)
  • Haiku: teikei haiku, jiyūritsu haiku
  • Senryū: kyōku
  • Tanka (kindai tanka)
  • Kayō: kikikayō, imayō, kouta
  • Kanshi

Daptar panulis

Sastra era Nara

• Kakinomoto no Hitomaro (c.660–c.720):Man'yōshū
• Ōtomo no Yakamochi (c.718–785): Man'yōshū

Sastra era Heian

• Ariwara no Narihira (825–880)
• Ono no Komachi (ca. 825 – ca. 900)
• Sugawara no Michizane (845–903)
• Ki no Tsurayuki (872–945)
• Lady Ise (ca. 875 – ca. 938)
• Minamoto no Shitagō (911–983)
• Michitsuna no Haha (ca. 935 – ca. 995): Kagerō Nikki
• Akazome Emon (ca. 956 – ca. 1041)
• Sei Shōnagon (ca. 966 – ca. 1017): The Pillow Book
• Murasaki Shikibu (ca. 973 – ca. 1025): The Tale of Genji
• Izumi Shikibu (ca. 976 – ca. 1027):
• Lady Sarashina (ca. 1008 – ca. 1059): Sarashina Nikki

Sastra era Kamakura-Muromachi

• The Tale of the Heike (ca. 1212–1309)
• Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (ca. 1235)
• Fujiwara no Teika (1162–1241)
• Yoshida Kenkō (ca. 1283–1352): Tsurezuregusa

Sastra era Edo

• Miyamoto Musashi (ca. 1584–1645): The Book of Five Rings
• Ihara Saikaku (1642–1693)
• Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694)
• Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653–1725)
• Yamamoto Tsunetomo (1659–1719)
• Yokoi Yayū (1702–1783)
• Fukuda Chiyo-ni (1703–1775)
• Yosa Buson (1716–1784)
• Motoori Norinaga (1730–1801)
• Sugita Genpaku (1733–1817)
• Ueda Akinari (1734–1809)
• Santō Kyōden (1761–1816)
• Kobayashi Issa (1763–1828)
• Jippensha Ikku (1765–1831)
• Kyokutei Bakin (1767–1848)
• Edo Meisho Zue (travelogue, 1834)
• Hokuetsu Seppu (work of human geography, 1837)

Sastra era Meiji dan Taisho

• Nakane Kōtei (1839–1913)
• Lafcadio Hearn (1850–1904)
• Mori Ōgai (1862–1922)
• Futabatei Shimei (1864–1909)
• Itō Sachio (1864–1913)
• Natsume Sōseki (1867–1916)
• Kōda Rohan (1867–1947)
• Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902)
• Ozaki Kōyō (1868–1903)
• Doppo Kunikida (1871–1908)
• Ichiyō Higuchi (1872–1896)
• Tōson Shimazaki (1872–1943)
• Kyōka Izumi (1873–1939)
• Yonejiro Noguchi (1875–1947)
• Takeo Arishima (1878–1923)
• Akiko Yosano (1878–1942)
• Kafū Nagai (1879–1959)
• Naoya Shiga (1883–1971)
• Takuboku Ishikawa (1886–1912)
• Kan Kikuchi (1888–1948)
• Ryūnosuke Akutagawa (1892–1927)
• Kenji Miyazawa (1896–1933)
• Denji Kuroshima (1898–1943)
• Motojirō Kajii (1901–1932)
• Hideo Oguma (1901–1940)
• Takiji Kobayashi (1903–1933)

Sastra era Modern

• Kansuke Naka (1885–1965)
• Yaeko Nogami (1885–1985)
• Jun'ichirō Tanizaki (1886–1965)
• Hyakken Uchida (1889–1971)
• Edogawa Ranpo (1894–1965)
• Eiji Yoshikawa (1892–1962)
• Mitsuharu Kaneko (1895–1975)
• Juza Unno (1897–1949)
• Shigeji Tsuboi (1897–1975)
• Chiyo Uno (1897–1996)
• Masuji Ibuse (1898–1993)
• Jun Ishikawa (1899–1987)
• Yasunari Kawabata (1899–1972)
• Yuriko Miyamoto (1899–1951)
• Sakae Tsuboi (1899–1967)
• Fumiko Hayashi (1903–1951)
• Tamiki Hara (1905–1951)
• Tatsuzō Ishikawa (1905–1985)
• Fumiko Enchi (1905–1986)
• Ango Sakaguchi (1906–1955)
• Osamu Dazai (1909–1948)
• Shōhei Ōoka (1909–1988)
• Sakunosuke Oda (1913–1947)
• Haruo Umezaki (1915–1965)
• Ayako Miura (1922–1999)
• Shūsaku Endō (1923–1996)
• Ryōtarō Shiba (1923–1996)
• Kōbō Abe (1924–1993)
• Toyoko Yamasaki (1924–2013)
• Yukio Mishima (1925–1970)
• Akiyuki Nosaka (1930–2015)
• Sawako Ariyoshi (1931–1984)
• Ayako Sono (b. 1931)
• Hisashi Inoue (1933–2010)
• Kenzaburō Ōe (b. 1935)
• Michiko Yamamoto (b. 1936)
• Kenji Nakagami (1946–1992)
• Haruki Murakami (b. 1949)
• Natsuo Kirino (b. 1951)
• Ryu Murakami (b. 1952)
• Yōko Ogawa (b. 1962)
• Banana Yoshimoto (b 1964)
• Mieko Kawakami, (b. 1976)

Daptar pustaka

• Orikuchi, Shinobu. Kodai Kenkyū (3) Kokubungaku no Hassei (古代研究〈3〉国文学の発生). Chuokoron Shinsha. ISBN 4-1216-0056-8. 
• Fujii, Sadakazu. Kokubungaku no Tanjō (国文学の誕生). ISBN 4-8830-3066-0. 
• Fujii, Sadakazu. Kokubungaku no Tanjō (国文学の誕生). ISBN 4-8830-3066-0. 
• Yasuda, Toshiaki (2002). Kokubungaku no Jikū: Hisamatsu Seninchi to Nihon Bunkaron (国文学の時空』久松潜一と日本文化論). Tokyo: Sangensha.